
[jsjsns 






F127 
.H8 H532 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




DDDD511731fi 



,* '^' '^ ".^^ 







0^ 6°"** O 

















WK" 



' \-^^^-\y %y-fr'\<f ^^'^m^'A" V'-.f.^T- .* 
























*«>. '• 















.-Jy' » 



.v^. 





,Vy>^. 








/&OOj 



OFFICIAL SOUVENIR 

HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION 
CARNIVAL PAGEANT 




Printed for 

The Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission 

By REDFIELD BROTHERS, Inc., Authorized PuWiskerg 

311-319 West Forty-third Street, New York 



HUDSON-FULTON CELEBRATION COMMISSION 

Appointed by the Governor of the State of New York and the Mayor of 
the City of New York and Incorporated by Chapter 325 of the Laws of 1906 



Headquarters: Tribune Building, New York 



OFFICERS OF THE COMMISSION 



PRESIDENT 

Gen. Stewart L. Woodford, iS Wall Street, New York 

VICE-PRESIDENTS 

Mr. Herman Ridder, Presiding Vice-President, 182 William Street, New York 



Mr. Andrew Carnegie 
Hon. Joseph H. Cho.^te 
Maj.-Gen. F. D. Grant, U.S.A. 
Hon. Seth Low 
Mr. J. PiERPONT Morgan 



Hon. Levi P. Morton 
Hon. Alton B. Parker 
Mr. John E. Parsons 
Gen. Horace Porter 
Hon. Frederick W. Seward 



Mr. Francis Lynde Stetson 
Hon. Oscar S. Straus 
Mr. Wm. B. Van Rensselaer 
Gen. James Grant Wilson 



TREASURER 

Mr. Isaac N. Seligman, No. i William Street, New York 



SECRETARY 

Col. Henry W. Sackett 
Tribune Building, New York 



cr. » 24 7138 
SEP 10 1909 1 



ASSISTANT SECRETARY 

Dr. Edward Hagaman Hall 
Tribune Building, New York 




The Carnival Pageant 

;HIS book is a souvenir of the Carnival Parade, one of the principal 
features of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration which will be held in New 
York City and State from Saturday, September 25, to Saturday, 
October 9, 1909. 

The Carnival Parade will be a "Carnival" in the derivative, not 
the primary, sense of the term. The word carnival comes from two 
Latin words, "carne" and "vale," and means, literally, "farewell to flesh." Originally 
it was applied to those festivities in southern Europe attending the days immediately 
preceding Lent and culminating on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, called 
Mardi Gras, or Fat Tuesday. These, in turn, were probably traceable to earlier 
festivals of the Romans. In Rome and certain other Italian cities, notably Venice, 
the carnivals have been of great splendor. In Paris the carnival is celebrated with 
great brilliancy. Among the German carnival cities Cologne on the Rhine may 
be mentioned. There, every citizen, from the " burgomaster " to the smallest 
messenger boy, participates. Well-known artists help to design the "floats," while 
the " Funken," an organizationrnot^unlike the Honorable Artillery of Boston, acts 
as bodyguard and marches merfily along. Parac^es of allegorical chariots, masked 
balls, the blowing of horns an| the throwiwg' 'df flowers and confetti have been 

■ J. ...J 



\ 



characteristic features of the European carnivals. In the United States carnival is 
regularly celebrated in New Orleans. The first notable procession of masqueraders 
was held there in 1827, the inaugurators including a number of young gentlemen 
who had just returned from France after finishing their Parisian education. Ten 
years later the Mardi Gras of 1837 was celebrated on a grander scale. From that 
time the custom has been handed down from father to son and its observance has 
made that city famous. 

From the festive character of these observances the word "carnival" has ac- 
quired the secondary meaning of general public festivity, without the association of 
any sectarian ideas with it. It is in this general sense that the term is applied to 
the Carnival Parade of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration. 

The principal idea taken from the old carnivals is that of representing upon moving 
vehicles, called "floats," allegorical, mythological and historical scenes. This feature 
of the Celebration has been adopted with a serious as well as festive purpose. The 
Hudson-Fulton Celebration, as a whole, commemorates primarily the discovery of 
the Hudson River by Henry Hudson in 160Q and the successful inauguration of 
steam navigation upon that river by Robert Fulton in 1807. Incident to the com- 
memoration of these events, however, is the celebr-ation of the progress of our people 
in every department of human affairs during the past three hundred years. The 
great Historical Pageant* and most of the other features of the Celebration deal 

*This Pageant is fully described, with historical notes on the subjects represented, in the Official His- 
torical'Pageant Souvenir Book of the Commission, printed by Redfield Brothers, Inc., price 50 cents. 



chiefly with the facts of history and of material and social progress. The Carnival 
Pageant deals with an entirely different phase of culture, for while the Historical 
Pageant illustrates a few conceptions of the imagination of the American aborigines 
the Carnival Pageant illustrates that great body of Old World folklore which has 
inspired so much of the beautiful imagery of the poetry, song and drama of all civilized 
nations. 

Although the legends and allegories here represented are not indigenous to America 
yet they form a real part of our culture, inherited, like the cumulative facts which 
constitute our progressive civilization, from the past. In a comparatively new country 
like ours the earliest efforts of the settlers are directed to the conquest of nature and 
the amelioration of physical conditions. With the subjugation of nature's asperities 
and with the accumulation of wealth comes a degree of comfort and leisure which 
permits the mind to turn more freely to intellectual culture. 

American civilization, young as it is, has advanced to the stage where it appre- 
ciates its intellectual heritage from the Old World, and nowhere in this country is 
that heritage more highly prized than in New York City and State. 

The Carnival Parade, therefore, is something more than a jollification and a 
merrymaking. It is designed to recall the poetry of myth, legend, allegory and 
in a few cases of historic fact, which, while foreign in local origin, is an heritage 
of universal possession and belongs to all nations. 

There are fifty subjects represented in the parade. The floats are larger and 
more elaborate than anything ever constructed in this country, and have been built 



by the working staff of the Hudson-Fulton Celebration Commission under the super- 
intendence of the man who has had charge of the New Orleans carnivals for 
many years. The construction works of the Commission are located in the Borough 
of The Bronx, adjacent to the Harlem River at 149th Street, where, for nearly a 
year, about two hundred artists, modelers, decorators and mechanics have been at 
work putting into material form the designers' conceptions. In the same works 
have been constructed also the floats for the Historical Pageant, The total cost of 
constructing and presenting the Historical and Carnival Parades, including their 
repetition in whole or in part in different parts of the city of New York and in places 
along the Hudson River, is estimated at nearly a quarter of a million dollars. 

The Carnival Parade will take place in Manhattan Borough, New York City, 
on Saturday evening, October 2, The line of march will be from Central Park 
West and iioth Street, down Central Park West to 59th Street, thence to Fifth Avenue, 
and thence to Washington Square. On Saturday evening, October 9, it will be re- 
peated in Brooklyn. The Commission is greatly indebted to the German, Austrian 
and Swiss Societies of New York for their cooperation in presenting the Carnival 
Parades. 




FLOAT No. 1 . — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 

7 




FLOAT No. 2. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 




FLOAT No. 3. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 

9 




FLOAT No. 4.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57, 

10 




FLOAT No. 5.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 57. 

11 




FLOAT No. C. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 



12 




FLOAT No. 8. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see pa^e 58. 

14 




FLOAT No. 9.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 

15 




FLOAT No. 10. — For description and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 



16 




FLOAT No. 11.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 



17 






t V ^*^ 







FLOAT No. 12. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 

18 




FLOAT No. 13.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 

19 




FLOAT No. 14. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 

20 




,^" 



^u 











FLOAT No. 15. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 58. 

21 




FLOAT No. 16. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 



22 




■■BBagK UW* Mi ■" 1 1 ■ I II-' 



FLOAT No. 17.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 

23 




FLOAT No. 18. — For dtscription and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 



24 



i ^ 




FLOAT No. 19. — For description and Socie.y furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 

25 




FLOAT No. 20. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 

26 




FLOAT No. 21 .—For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 



27 













J J 




FLOAT No. 22.— For dtbcription and Su^icty iuriiishina cliaracters and escort, bee pa 

28^ 




FLOAT No. 23. — I-or (.Icbtriplioii and Su._iely iurnibliiny Oi. 

39 



cort, see page 59. 




FLOAT No. 24. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 59. 

30 




FLOAT No. 25.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 

31 




FLOAT No. 26. — For description anil Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 



32 




FLOAT No. 27. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 



33 




FLOAT No. 28.— Fur description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see pa^e 60. 



34 




FLOAT No. 29. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 

35 







c?=^ V 



^>^^:k 




FLOAT No. 30. — For description and Soi iety furnishing characters and escort, see page 60. 

36 




FLOAT NO. 31.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page ( 

37 







FLOAT No. 32.— For description and Society iurnishing characters and escort, see page ( 

38 







k 



FLOAT No. 33.— For description and Society turnishing characters and escort, see page &1. 



39 












FLOAT No. 34.— For description and Society iurnishing chaiacters and escort, see page 61. 

40 




FLOAT NO. 35.— Fur description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 

41 




FLOAT No. 36. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 



42 




FLOAT No. 37. -For description and Society furnisliing ch.iracters and escort, see page < 



43 




FLOAT No. 38.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 

44 




FLOAT Nq. 39.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 

45 




FLOAT No. 40. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 61. 

46 




FLOAT No. 41.— Fur descriptioD and Society lutnishing characters and escort, see paije ol- 

47 




''^'^'"X^ ' ^^^^g^^^^'^^^'^*^'''^^ 



FLOAT No. 42.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page < 

48 




FLOAT No. 43.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page «2. 

.49 




FLOAT No. 44.— For description and Society lurnishing characters and escort, see page (>Z. 



50 




rtOAT No. 45.— For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 62 

51 




FLOAT NO. 46. -For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 6J. 

52 




FLOAT No. 47. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page t 



53 




FLOAT No. 48.— For description and Society turnishing characters and escort, see page 62. 

54 




FLOAT Nq. 49. — For description and Society furnishing characters and escort, see page 63. 



55 




FLOAT No. 50. — For description and Society luimshing characters and escort, see page 62 



56 



Carnival Parade 

\Vith riistories ana List or Societies Furnisliing CKaracters and Escorts 

The Carnival Parade of the Hudson-Fulton Celebratipn Commission, with the cooperation of the 
German, Austrian and Swiss Societies of the City of New York, in Manhattan Borough on Saturday 
evening, October 2, and Brooklyn Borough on Saturday evening, October 9, 1909, will be composed as 
follows, interspersed with bands of music. 

Mounted and unmounted Police; Grand Marshal, Maj.-Gen. Charles F. Roe, and staff; Hon. 
George B. McClellan, Mayor of the City of New York, and Mr. Herman Ridder, Chairman of the 
Carnival and Historical Parades Committee; Heralds, and the following floats and marching bodies: 



Marching German Veterans. 

I — Title Car: Music, Literature and Art 

Characters and escort, German Veterans. 

This car is an ornamental car to head the procession of 
floats, and bears its title. In the present instance it lakes 
the fantastic .shape of a dragon spouting flames and sur- 
rounded by fire. It is simply fantastic in design and is 
meant to prophesy the unconventional character of the 
floats which are to follow. 

2^MaRS 

Characters and escort, German Veterans. 

Mars, the God of War, is represented riding in his chariot 
in the clouds, accompanied by two of his five goddesses 
which impersonate the evils which attend war. 

3 — Colors 

Characters and escort, German Veterans. 

This float represents an enormous artist's palette poised 
ready for its invisible master. The human figures on it 



are an idealization of the colors as they appear on the 
palette just after having been squeezed from the artist's 
tubes preparatory to blending for his work. The seated 
figures need only to be stirred to life by the brush of the 
artist to do his bidding and perform the task that he has 
planned. 

Marching Singing Societies of Manhattan, Brooklyn and 
The Bronx. 

4 — Song 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

The principal figure in the float entitled "Song" repre- 
sents a wom.an playing upon a harp and singing. The 
birds and the plumes which enter into the decoration of the 
float symbolize the music of the feathered songsters. 

5 — .^RION 

Characters and escort, United Singers of New York. 

Arion, a famous Corinthian musician, was returning home 
from a musical contest in Sicily, where he had won a great 



57 



money prize. In order to get his money tlie sailors plotted 
to kill him. They gave him time, however, to sing his 
death song, which so charmed the fishes that when Arion 
threw himself overboard a dolphin took the musician on 
his back and brought him safely to his home. This float 
represents his enthusiastic reception on his arrival. 

6 — Crowning of Bekthoven 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

Fame, in this float, is crowning the bust of Beethoven 
with a laurel wreath as one of the greatest musicians of 
his age. Around him the Muses are dancing and singing 
as the master is crowned. 

7 — ^olian Harp 

Characters and escor , United Singers of New York. 

This float is an idealization of the ."Eolian harp, which 
is one of the oldest musical instruments. The harp itself 
is represented in the ap x of the float and the figures which 
stand in front of the harp represent the winds playing on it. 
The large I'lgur holding the harp represents outdoor music. 

8 — Lohengrin 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

Elsa, Duchess of Brabant, an orphan, was accused by 
her guardian, Friedrich, Count of Telramund, of the mur» 
der of her brother, of which she was innocent. She placed 
her defence in a knight, who she dreamed would ajj) eal- 
from the clouds to protect her. As she waited a boat ap-- 
peared, drawn by a swan. In it was Lohengrin. He camf 
ashore, conquered Friedrich, and saved the maiden. Th6 
float represents his arrival. 

9 — Lorelei 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

The float entitled "The Lorelei" represents in its chi^ 
figure the beautiful siren who has been a favorite themt 
in German song and poetry. 

10 — Death of Fafner 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

Fafner, a giant, stole the Rheini^old which makes th^ 
golden glimmer on the Rhine. He took the form of ti. 
dragon to guard it and Siegfried son of Siegmund, waS 



appointed to kill him. The only weapon which was capable 
of killing the dragon, a sword called "Nothung," had been 
broken. After a long wait, Siegfried finally mended the 
sword himself, went to "Hate Hole" and killed Fafner 
and recovered the Rheingold 

II — Queen of Sheba 

Characters and escort. United Singers of New York. 

The Queen of Sheba, who, according to the tenth chap- 
ter of the first book of Kings, made a visit to King Solomon, 
is here represented at her meeting with the " wisest man." 
Near her is the litter in which she traveled. 

I 2 GOTTERDAMMERUNG 

Characters and escort. United Singers of Manhattan. 

"Oottcrdammerung" is the fourth part of Wagner's 
"Ring of the Nibelungen," in which Siegfried wrests the 
magic ring from Brunhilda and is murdered by Hagen, 
whereupon Brunhilda mounts the funeral pyre with his 
body, the Rhine daughters regain the ring, and the Val- 
halla burns. 

13 — Meistersinger 

Characters and escort, United Singers of Manhattan. 

The meistersingers, or mastcrsingers, were those artistic 
poets who cultivated artistic poetry as distinguished from 
folk song. This float renrescnts the scene in Wagner's 
musical comedy, "Die Meistersinger von Niirnberg," in 
which Walter, a young knight in love with Eva, wins her 
hand by singing best in a tournament. Upon the float 
Walter is represented as singing before the judges. 

14 — Walkure 

Characters and escort, United Singers of the Bronx. 

Die Walkure, or the Valkyries, were the maidens who 
attended Odin and who, riding through the air in briUiant 
armor, distributed death lots according to his command. 
They also conducted to Walhalla the souls of heroes who 
died in battle. 

1 5 — Tannhauser 

Characters and escort. United Singers of the Bronx. 

\'enus, the Goddess of Love, when she was sent to the 
earth, became embittered, and she used sorcery to lure 



58 



mortals to her cave. Tannhauser, one of the best harpers 
and singers of Thuringia, was lured to her. He found a 
beautiful cave occupied by a beautiful woman, and was 
pleased to stay and learn her songs. This float represents 
Tannhauser in Venus's cave. 

1 6 — Freischutz 

Characters and escort, United Singers of Brooklyn. 

Der Freischutz, the free shooter, was a legendary hunter 
who made a compact with the devil that six balls from his 
gun should follow his own will while the seventh should 
follow the devil's. It is the basis of Weber's famous opera. 
The float represents the retreat where the free shooters 
went to cast the magic bullets. \'arious characters from 
the opera — Mephistopheles, friars, free shooters and the 
heroine — are also represented. 

17 — Siegfried 

Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. 

The float entitled "Siegfried" represents the scene in 
"The Ring of the Nibelungen" in which Siegfried, rears d 
by Mimi, the Nibelung, forges the magic sword with which 
to kill the dragon that guards the fateful ring. The float 
shows Siegfried and Mimi at the forge underground. 

18 — Humor 

Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. 

This float, which is surmounted by a cap of folly and 
ornamented by jesters' wands, represents folly fully as much 
as humor. On the float are grapes and a bottle of Rhenish 
wine The figure-- on the fioat are dancing and singing 
and giving every evidence of being in the best of humor. 

19 — TlTANIA 

Characters and escort. United Singers of Brooklyn. 

In Shakespeare's " Midsummer Xight's Dream '' Titania 
is the Fairv Queen and wife of Oberon. In west European 
folklore Oberon was the King of the Elves. 

20 — Origin of Poetry 

Characters and escort, South German Society of Brooklyn. 

The float entitled "The Origin of Poetry" represents 
part of an old Norse legend. Odin entered the cave where 
Gunlad guarded a magic liquid which made the drinker 



thereof a poet. Ounlad permitted him to take a single 
draught from each of three vessels, but he drank all three 
dry. Then transforming himself into an eagle he flew 
toward Asgard. The gods set out their jars and Odin 
disgorged the inspiring liquid. That which fell in the jars 
was true poetry and that which fell on the ground belonged 
to the silly poets. 
Marching Austrian Singing Societies and Clubs. 

21 — Andreas Hofer 

Characters and escort, Austrian Singing Society and Clubs. 
Andreas Hofer was a patriot leader of Tyrol who lived 
from 1767 to 1 810 and who, after France had secured 
possession of Tyrol, sought the reunion of Tyrol to Austria. 
The float represents him and some of his warriors in the 
mountains a few months before his betrayal into the hands 
of the French, by whom he was shot. 
Marching Turner Athletes 

2 2 — Marathon 

Characters and escort. Turners, Athletes. 

The float entitled "Marathon" represents the incident 
which has led to the use of the word Marathon in connection 
with racing — namely, the arrival in Athens of the runner who 
brought from the famous battlefield of Marathon the news 
of the Greek victory over the Persians in the year 490 B.C. 
The classic columns and figures symbolize the Greek 
capital. 
Marching Bowling Clubs 

23 — Frost King 

Characters and escort, United Bowling Clubs of New York. 
This float represents the mythical Frost King, who has 
control over the snows and the other elements of the winter. 
Around him are grouped his fairies, who have charge of the 
winds, the snows, the frost and the thaw. The Frost King 
is represented in his home directing the elements. 
Marching Sharpshooters. 

24 — William Tell 

Characters and escort. Sharpshooters. 

William Tell, a famous marksman, refusing to salute the 
cap of Austria, was condemned to death, but permitted to 



59 



ransom himself by his skill in shooting an apple from his 
son's head. Having successfully performed that feat with- 
out injury to his son, and having been released. Tell availed 
himself of the first opportunity and shot Gessler, the tyrant. 
This float represents the arrest of Tell after having killed 
Gessler. 

25 — NiMROD 

Characters and escort. Sharpshooters. 

Nimrod, who, according to Holy Writ, was the founder 
of the Babylonian and later of the Assyrian Empire, was 
a "mighty hunter before Jehovah." This float represents 
Nimrod and his fellow hunters in primitive costume en- 
gaged in the chase. 

26 — Andromeda 

Characters and escort, Sharpshooters. 

Andromeda was the beautiful daughter of an Ethiopian 
king, a part of whose territory was devastated by a flood. 
When a sea monster appeared, whose wrath could be ap- 
peased only by the sacrifice of Andromeda, she was fas- 
tened to the rocl;s to await her fate. But as the mon- 
ster appears Perseus, returning from his successful battle 
with Medusa, happens along just in time, slays the monster, 
and receives the beautiful Andromeda as his reward. 
Marching Efnited Volksfest Societies of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

27 — Fritz Reuter 

Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

Fritz Reuter was a German writer who lived from 1810 
to 1874 and who wrote in Low German. His works were 
artistic in both pathos and humor. The float represents 
his bust, surrounded by figures personifying characters in 
his writings. Above all is the Goddess of Fame olTering 
the laurel wreath. 

28 — Hansa 

Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

"The Hansa" was the name officially adopted in 1343 
to designate the commercial league between various cities 
in Germany to protect the commerce of its members by 



land and sea, to extend business relations with foreigners, 
to kill competition and to maintain corporate immunities. 
It was better known as the Hanseatic League. The princi- 
pal figure on the float personifies Hansa, while packages of 
merchandise and the lighthouse indicate commerce. 

29 — Harvesting 

Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

Ceres, the Goddess of Grain and the Harvest, is the great 
figure in the midst of this float. She holds a horn of 
plenty and near by are sheaves of wheat. The figures 
around her represent the gathering of the harvest. 

30 — Peace 

Characters and escort, North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

The float entitled "Peace" represents that goddess 
hovering over the world with the olive branch, while the 
ideal conditions which will prevail when universal peace 
is established on earth are represented by the friendly 
companv of the lion and the lamb, and the shepherd boy and 
girl watching their flocks. 

31 — Diana 

Characters and escort. North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

Diana appears in mythology with many attributes, and 
poets sing to her as the Goddess of Night (the moon), the 
Goddess of Fruitfulness, and the Goddess of the animal 
kingdom. Above all other goddesses in the classical 
Pantheon she was the Huntress. In the latter character 
she is represented in this float, chasing a stag. 

32 — Europa 

Characters and escort. North Germans of Manhattan and 

Brooklyn. 

Jupiter, King of the Gods, fell in love with Europa. a 
beautiful daughter of the Phoenician King Agenor. In 
order to win her he transformed himself into a beautiful 
white bull and mingled with a herd of cattle near he sea- 
shore where Europa and her maidens were. The girl no- 
ticed the bull, which was so gentle that she crowned him 
with garlands and finally climbed on to his back. Where- 



60 



upon the bull plunged into the sea and swam with her to 
Crete, where Jupiter again took his own form. This float 
shows Europa riding away on the bull's back. 

33 — Heidelberg 

Characters and escort, South Germans. 

The float entitled "Heidelberg" represents that ancient 
castle and the famous Heidelberg tun in the cellar beneath. 
The latter, set up in 1751 by the Elector Charles Philip, 
has a capacity of forty nine thousand gaUons. Until lytg it 
was constantly kept full of Rhine wine. The legends which 
cluster around the old castle include that of a gnome who 
drank the great cask dry, a feat which, it is said, the students 
of Heidelberg have attempted in times past to emulate. 

34— Gnomes 

Characters and escort. South Germans. 

The home of the gnomes was underground in a cave. 
They were always supposed to be blacksmiths by pro- 
fession. This float represents the court of the King of 
the Gnomes, with his subjects around him playing and 
working beneath the ground. The gnomes were always 
supposed to be the bad and mischievous fairies. 

35 — Bavaria 

Characters and escort. South Germans. 

Bavaria is represented by a float bearing allegorical 

figures personifying the country — musicians artists, etc., 

representing the art nouveau. 

Marching Lodges and Benevolent Societies. 
36 — Sirens 

Characters and escort, Lodges and Benevolent Societies. 

The Sirens, in mythology, were sea maidens with sweet 
voices, who by their charms lured voyagers to destruction 
upon the rocks of their island. In the Odyssey Ulysses 
stopped the ears of his oarsmen with wa.x so that they 
should not be diverted from their labors, while he caused 
himself to be bound to a mast so that he might listen to 
the Sirens' songs without danger. 

37 — Medusa 

Characters and escort. Lodges and Benevolent Societies. 
In Greek mythology Medusa was a hideous female mon- 



ster whose hair was intertwined with serpents and whose 
glance turned people to stone. Perseus, -equipped with a 
magic helmet which rendered him invisible, and with a 
shield like a mirror, by means of which he could see the 
Gorgon without encountering her deadly glance, sought 
her out and slew her. The float represents the scene where 
Perseus looks inio the shield and sees Medusa. 

38 — Elves of the Spring 

Characters and escort, Lodges and Benevolent Societies. 

The float entitled "The Elves of Spring" represents the 
opening of the flowers and the fairies issuing therefrom, 
suggesting the magical change which comes over the face 
of nature with the retreat of winter. 
Marching Independent Societies. 

39 — Good Luck 

Characters and escort, Independent Societies. 

The float entitled " Good Luck " represents several forms 
of popular superstitions in the horseshoe, the rabbit, the 
fourleaved clover, the black cat, etc. The Swastika which 
gives the motive to the decoration of the drapery, has been 
a symbol of good luck among the i copies of both hemi- 
spheres, including the American Indians. 

40 — The Jungle 

Characters and escort, Independent Societies. 

The folk lore of the ancients was based on their contact 
with the natural world — the dragon and other fabled beasts 
being poetic exaggerations of real life. "The Jungle" rep- 
resents a wilderness scene in the East, where the elephant 
occupied a conspicuous place in religion and mythology as 
wefl as daily life. 

41 — Egyptian Art, IMusic and Literature 

Characters and escort. Independent Societies. 

The five arts of the ancient Egyptians are represented 
in this float. The great central figure holding a demigod 
in one hand and a harp in the other represents music and 
art. Music is further represented by the figures holding 
the ancient musica instruments. Literature is represented 
by the hieroglyphics on the float and architectural art and 
mythical literature are shown by the Sphinx and the tablets 
supported by Egyptian columns. 



61 



42 — Father Rhine 

Characlers and escort, Rheinische Carnival Society, 

The float represents the river Rhine. Old Father Rhine, 
himself, stands at the prow of the Rhenish carnival ship. 
At the foot of the Rhenish vineyard stands its faithful cul- 
tivator, and at the top of the rock stands the medieval 
castle, to guard the fruit of the vineyard. 
Marching United German Societies of Manhattan, Brook- 
lyn, Queens and Richmond. 

43 — Germania 

Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- 
hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. 

This float represents an idealization of Germany. _ Ger- 
mania, the central figure, holds the Imperial Crown in her 
hand. Beside her are the eagles, draped with the German 
colors. The nine figures represent the different states 
which make up United Germany. 

44 — Mermaids 

Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- 
hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. 

This float depicts a scene at the bottom of the ocean, the 
home of the mermaids which the sailormen's legends have 
always described as beautiful creatures with the bodies of 
women and the tails of fish, who lure sailors to the bottom 
of the sea and to their destruction. The artist has de- 
picted the mermaids disporting themselves on coral reefs 
surrounded by fish and other inhabitants of the deep and 
by seaweed and other plants of the sea. 

45 — Fairies 

Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- 

hattin, Queens and Brooklyn. 

This float represents the home of the fairies among the 
flowers. The fairies were always believed to be little people 
who lived in the flowers, where they slept all day and came 
out to play at night while mortals were asleep. This float 
represents the fairies at play with the butterflies. . 

46 — Cinderella 

Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- 
hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. 
This float represents Cinderella just after the Prince has 



found her and has discovered that the silver slipper which 
no other woman in the kingdom could wear fitted her 
perfeclly. Cinderella is seated in the immense slipper with 
the Prince before her and near her are her jealous sisters 
and their friends. 

47 — Orpheus Before Pluto 

Characters and escort. United German Societies of Man- 
hattan, Queens and Brooklyn. 

Orpheus, the son of Apollo, played the lyre so well that 
even the trees and rocks followed him around when he 
played. His beautiful wife, Eurydice, was bitten by a 
serpent and died. Orpheus followed her to the regions of 
the dead, and played so sweetly before Pluto, its king, that 
he finally consented that Eurydice should go back with him 
to the land of the living. 
Marching Swiss Societies 

48 — God of the Alps 

Characters and escort, Swiss Society. 

The float called "The God of the Alps" illustrates a 
legend of Switzerland. The presiding Alpine deity had 
forbidden the killing of a certain animal, and a hunter, 
having disregarded a thrice-given warning and killed the 
animal, was himself slain by a stone hurled upon him by 
the God of the Alps. 

49 — Avalanche of Freedom 

Characters and escort, Swiss Society. 

The float entitled "The Avalanche of Freedom" sym- 
bolizes Swiss liberty. It recalls the vow of the- Swiss at 
Rutli, where, in 1307 was planned the revolt against 
Austria which resulted in Swiss independence. The figure 
on the globe symbolizes freedom. The meadow at Rutli, 
which is regarded as the cradle of Swiss liberty, was pur- 
chased in 1859 by the school children of Switzerland to be 
preserved as a national memorial. 
United Singing Societies of Richmond 

50 — Uncle Sam Welcoming the Nations 

Characters and escort. United Singers of Richmond. 

The float entitled "Uncle Sam Receiving" symbolizes 
the hospitality which the United States extends to the 
people of all nations of the world. 



62 



Carnival and riistorical Parades Committee 



Mr. Herbert Adams 
Mr. B. Altman 
Col. Andrew D. Baird 
Mr. August Belmont 
Hon. William Berri 
Mr. George C. Boldt 
Hon. David A. Boody 
Mr. Alexander F. Bouvet 
Hon. George C. Clausen 
Hon. John Diemer 
Hon. Reginald S. DouU 
Hon. Frank L. Dowling 
Hon. Robert F. Downing 
Mr. George Ehret 
Mr. William Temple Emmet 
Mr. Frank L. Frugone 
Mr. Henry Fuehrer 
Hon. Patrick F. Flynn 
Mr. Frank S. Gardner 
Mr. T. Greidanus 



Mr. Herman Ridder, Chainna> 

Hon. John D. Gunther 
Mr. Arthur H. Hearn 
Mr. Theodore Henninger 
Mr. Colgate Hoyt 
Hon. Wm. P. Kenneally 
Hon. Francis P. Kenney 
Gen. Horatio C. King 
Hon. Gustav Lindenthal 
Mr. Frank D. Millet 
Hon. John J. F. Mulcahy 
Hon. Arthur H. Murphy 
Mr. William C. Muschenheim 
Hon. Percival E. Nagle 
Hon. Lewis Nixon 
Mr. Eben E. Olcott 
Mr. William Church Osborn 
Mr. Bayard L. Peck 
Hon. Cornelius A. Pugsley 
Mr. Louis C. Raegener 
Hon. James W. Redmond 

63 



Hon. David S. Rendt 
Mr. Carl J. Roehr 
Mr. Jacob H. Schiff 
Hon. Joseph Schloss 
Hon. George J. Schneider 
Dr. Gustav Scholer 
Mr. John Schroers 
Mr. Oscar R. Seitz 
Mr. Louis Seligsberg 
Mr. William Sohmer 
Mr. James Speyer 
Hon. Louis Sterr^ 
Hon. Timothy P. Sullivan 
Mr. Charles Swanson 
Mr. C. Y. Turner 
Mr. J. Leonard Varick 
Hon. Jacob J. Velten 
Mr. Edmund Wetmore 
Mr. Charles B. Wolffram 
Mr. Vincent W. Woytisek 



OFFICIAL PROGRAM 

Consisting of 32 pages, size 9^4 x 12, giving authentic informa- 
tion regarding the purposes of the Celebration and a full program of 
the events taking place each day. Containing, also, illustrations of 
all the floats used in the Historical and Carnival Parades. Cover 
in seven colors, illustrating the "Half Moon" and "Clermont." 

Price, postpaid, 25 Cents per Copy 

HISTORICAL PAGEANT SOUVENIR 

Consisting of 64 pages, size 7 x 10, printed in colors, illustrating 
the fifty-four floats of the Historical Parade, with an accurate historical 
sketch of each incident portrayed. Cover inlaid with a picture of the 
" Half Moon " in colors, and embossed. Books bound with a silk cord. 

Price, postpaid, 50 Cents per Copy 

REDFIELD BROTHERS, Inc. 311 West 43d Street, New York 

Sole Authorized Publishers of the above booths 
for The Hudson -Fulton Celebration Commission 

64 ^ 

W 9 2 " 





















^ -.^^^^^'/ /^\ ^^K*" '^^^''^^ 












^-./ 



P ^lliL.'* ^ 














'- \ J^ -^fae^"- "^^ <v^ ' ^: 



•'^'b- 



•- -^^^^^ 





.^-^ A 









V • * •. 



^■•- V.^'*" /^ll^\ %^<>* ■ •• 











IVERT 
800KBINOINC. H 

"jfanurlif P, 



